Department of Physics: Syllabus

SIR C R REDDY COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS): ELURU

Department of Physics

SEMESTER PATTERN UNDER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

COMMON CORE SYLLUBUS w.e.f. 2020-21 admitted batch

B.Sc. I Semester – Physics - Paper I: Mechanics, Waves & Oscillations

Work load: 60 hrs per semester 4 hrs/week

UNIT-I:

1. Mechanics of Particles (5 hrs)

Review of Newton’s Laws of Motion, Motion of variable mass system, Motion of a rocket, Multistage rocket, Concept of impact parameter, scattering cross-section, Rutherford scattering-Derivation.

2. Mechanics of Rigid bodies (7 hrs)

Rigid body, rotational kinematic relations, Equation of motion for a rotating body, Angular momentum and Moment of inertia tensor, Euler equations, Precession of a spinning top, Gyroscope, (For Assignment: Precession of atom and nucleus in magnetic field, Precession of the equinoxes).

Unit-II:

3. Motion in a Central Force Field (12hrs)

Central forces, definition and examples, characteristics of central forces, conservative nature of central forces, Equation of motion under a central force, Kepler’s laws of planetary motion- Proofs, (For Assignment: Motion of satellites, Basic idea of Global Positioning System (GPS), weightlessness, Physiological effects of astronauts)

UNIT-III:

4. Relativistic Mechanics (12hrs)

Introduction to relativity, Frames of reference, Galilean transformations, absolute frames, Michelson-Morley experiment, negative result, Postulates of Special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformation, time dilation, length contraction, variation of mass with velocity, Einstein’s mass-energy relation.

Unit-IV:

5. Undamped, Damped and Forced oscillations: (07 hrs)

Simple harmonic oscillator and solution of the differential equation, Damped harmonic oscillator, Forced harmonic oscillator –Their differential equations and solutions, Resonance, Logarithmic decrement, Relaxation time and Quality factor.

6. Vibrating Strings: (07 hrs)

Transverse wave propagation along a stretched string, General solution of wave equation and its significance, Modes of vibration of stretched string clamped at ends, Overtones and Harmonics

(For Assignment: Melde’s strings).

Unit-V:

7. Vibrations of bars: (05 hrs)

Longitudinal vibrations in bars-wave equation and its general solution. Special cases (i) bar fixed at both ends (ii) bar fixed at the midpoint. Tuning fork.

8. Ultrasonics: (05 hrs)

Ultrasonics General Properties of ultrasonic waves, Production of ultrasonics by piezoelectric and magnetostriction methods, Detection of ultrasonics, Applications of ultrasonic waves,

(For Assignment:SONAR)

Unit-VI For Assignment:

Coupled Oscillations: (05hrs)

Coupled Oscillators-Introduction, Two Coupled Oscillators, Normal Co-ordinates and normal modes – N-Coupled Oscillators and Wave Equation

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. B. Sc. Physics, Vol.1, Telugu Academy, Hyderabad

2. Fundamentals of Physics Vol. I -Resnick, Halliday, Krane ,Wiley India 2007

3. College Physics-I. T. Bhimasankaram and G. Prasad. Himalaya Publishing House.

4. University Physics-FW Sears, MW Zemansky& HD Young,Narosa Publications,

5. Delhi

6. Mechanics, S.G.Venkatachalapathy, Margham Publication, 2003.

7. Waves and Oscillations. N. Subramanyam and Brijlal, VikasPulications.

8. Unified Physics -Waves and Oscillations, Jai PrakashNath&Co.Ltd.

9. Waves & Oscillations. S.Badami, V. Balasubramanianand K.R. Reddy, Orient

10. Longman.

11. The Physics of Waves and Oscillations, N.K.Bajaj, Tata McGraw Hill

12. Science and Technology of Ultrasonics-Baldevraj, Narosa, New Delhi,2004

Practical Paper I: Mechanics, Waves and Oscillations

Work load: 30 hrs 2 hrs/week

List of Experiments

Minimum of 6 experiments to be done and recorded:

1. Young’s modulus of the material of a bar (scale) by uniform bending

2. Young’s modulus of the material a bar (scale) by non-uniform bending

3. Surface tension of a liquid by capillary rise method

4. Viscosity of liquid by the flow method (Poiseuille’s method)

5. Bifilar suspension –Moment of inertia of a regular rectangular body.

6. Fly-wheel -Determination of moment of inertia

7. Rigidity modulus of material of a wire-Dynamic method (Torsional pendulum)

8. Volume resonator experiment

9. Determination of ‘g’ by compound/bar pendulum

10. Simple pendulum-normal distribution of errors-estimation of time period and the error of the mean by statistical analysis

11. Determination of the force constant of a spring by static and dynamic method.

12. Coupled oscillators

13. Verification of laws of vibrations of stretched string –Sonometer

14. Determination of frequency of a bar –Melde’s experiment.

15. Study of a damped oscillation using the torsional pendulum immersed in liquid-decay constant and damping correction of the amplitude.

SIR C R REDDY COLLEGE: ELURU

Department of Physics

I B Sc – I-Semester

Paper I: Mechanics, Waves and Oscillations

Blue-Print of Question Paper

Note: The paper setters are hereby advised to follow the blue-print given above

Name of the Chapter	Essay Question (8M)	Short Question (4M)
Mechanics of Particles	1	1
Mechanics of Rigid bodies	1	1
Motion in a Central Force Field	1	1
Relativistic Mechanics	1	1
Undamped, Damped and Forced oscillations	1	1
Vibrating Strings	1	1
Vibrations of bars	-	2
Ultrasonics	2	-

SIR C R REDDY COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS): ELURU

Department of Physics

SEMESTER PATTERN UNDER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

COMMON CORE SYLLUBUS w.e.f. 2015-16 admitted batch

B.Sc. III Semester – Physics - Paper III: Wave Optics

Work load: 60 hrs per semester 4 hrs/week

UNIT-I

1. Interference (14 hrs )

Principle of super position –coherence-temporal coherence and spatial coherence-conditions for interference of light. Fresnel’s biprism- determination of wavelength of light –change of phase on reflection. Oblique incidence of a plane wave on a thin film due to reflected and transmitted light (cosine law) –colors of thin films- Interference by a film with two non-parallel reflecting surfaces (Wedge shaped film). Determination of diameter of wire, Newton’s rings, Formation, Determination of wavelength of monochromatic light using Newton’s rings in reflected light. Michelson interferometer, construction and working, uses of Michelson Interferometer.

2. Diffraction (14 hrs )

Introduction, distinction between Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction, Fraunhoffer diffraction –Diffraction due to single slit-Fraunhoffer diffraction due to double slit-Differences between single slit and double slit diffractions. Resolving power of grating, Determination of wavelength of light in normal incidence and minimum deviation methods using diffraction grating, Fresnel’s half period zones-area of the half period zones-zone plate-comparison of zone plate with convex lens-difference between interference and diffraction. [For Assignment: Fraunhoffer diffraction pattern with N slits (diffraction grating)]

UNIT-II

3. Aberrations: (8 hrs)

Introduction – monochromatic aberrations, spherical aberration, methods of minimizing spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism and curvature of field, distortion. Chromatic aberration-the achromatic doublet. Achromatism for two lenses (i) in contact and (ii) separated by a distance. Dispersion through a prism.

4.Polarisation: (10 hrs )

Polarized light: methods of polarization polarization by reflection, refraction, double refraction, scattering of light-Brewster’s law-Maulus law- Nicol prism polarizer and analyzer-Quarter wave plate, Half wave plate-optical activity, determination of specific rotation by Laurent’s half shade polarimeter- Babinet’s compensator - idea of elliptical and circular polarization

5. Lasers and Holography (8hrs )

Lasers: introduction, spontaneous emission, stimulated emission. Population Inversion, Laser principle -Types of lasers-He-Ne laser, Ruby laser- Applications of lasers. Holography: Basic principle of holography-Gabor hologram and its limitations, Applications of holography. [For Assignment: Einstein coefficients and relation between different Einstein coefficients]

6. Fiber Optics (6hrs )

Introduction- different types of fibers, rays and modes in an optical fiber, fiber material, principles of fiber communication (qualitative treatment only), advantages of fiber optic communication.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. BSc Physics, Vol.2, Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad

2. A Text Book of Optics-N Subramanyam, L Brijlal, S.Chand& Co.

3. Unified Physics Vol.II Optics & Thermodynamics – Jai Prakash Nath&Co.Ltd., Meerut

4. Optics,F..A. Jenkins and H.G. White, Mc Graw-Hill

5. Optics, AjoyGhatak,Tata Mc Graw-Hill.

6. Introduction of Lasers – Avadhanulu, S.Chand& Co.

7. Principles of Optics- BK Mathur, Gopala Printing Press, 1995

Practical Paper III: Wave Optics

Work load: 30 hrs 2 hrs/week

List of Experiments

1. Determination of radius of curvature of a given convex lens-Newton’s rings.

2. Determination of wavelength of light using diffraction grating-Normal Incidence

3. Determination of thickness of a thin wire by wedge method

4. Determination of refractive index of liquid-Boy’s method.

5. Determination of wavelength of Laser-using Diffraction Grating

6. R,F and µ of a concave lens

SIR C R REDDY COLLEGE: ELURU

Department of Physics

II B Sc – III-Semester

Paper III: Wave Optics

Blue-Print of Question Paper

Note: The paper setters are hereby advised to follow the blue-print given above

Name of the Chapter

Essay Question

(10M)

Short Question

(5M)

Very Short Question/Problem

(2M)

Interference

Diffraction

Aberrations

1Prob

Polarisation

1+1Prob

Laser and Holography

Fiber optics

Resolved to prepare model question papers in 3-tyre system as follows for the III, Vand Semesters.

Part-I 4 X 10 = 40 Marks

Answer any four questions choosing at least one from each Section.

Section-A

Question number from 1 to 4

Section-B

Question number from 5 to 8

Part-II 5 X 5 = 25 Marks

Answer any Five questions

Question number from 9 to 16

Part-III 5 X 2 = 10 Marks

Question number from 17 to 24

Guidelines to the question paper setters:

Advice to follow the blue-print given and the question bank supplied.

i. All the questions for Section -A should be taken from Unit-I of the Syllabus

ii. All the questions for Section -B should be taken from Unit-II of the Syllabus

iii. Regarding Part-II, 4 questions should be taken from Unit-I and the remaining 4 questions should be taken from Unit-II of the syllabus

iv. Regarding Part-III, 4 questions should be taken from Unit-I and the remaining 4 questions should be taken from Unit-II of the syllabus

v. In Part-II problems may be given.

vi. Questions may be asked to cover entire syllabus

Practical Exam will be conducted at the end of III semester

The duration of each practical examination is 3 hrs with 50 marks, which are to be Distributed as:

Formula & Explanation 06

Tabular form +graph +circuit diagram 06

Observation 12

Calculation, graph, precautions & Result 06

Viva-Voice 10

Record^** 10

TOTAL 50

**Award of marks for number of practical’s recorded in the Record

06 Practicals- 10M 05 Practicals- 08M 04 Practicals- 06 03 Practicals- 04M > 03- 00M

SIR C R REDDY COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS): ELURU

Department of Physics

SEMESTER PATTERN UNDER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

COMMON CORE SYLLUBUS w.e.f. 2015-16 admitted batch

B.Sc. V Semester – Physics - Paper V: Electricity, Magnetism and Electronics

Work load: 60 hrs per semester 4 hrs/week

UNIT-I

1. Electric field intensity and potential:

Gauss’s law statement and its proof- Deduction of Coulomb’s law from Gauss law. Electric field intensity due to (1) Uniformly charged sphere and (2) an infinite conducting sheet of charge. Electrical potential – equipotential surfaces- potential due to i) a point charge, ii) charged spherical shell .[For Assignment: Lightening conductor]

2. Dielectrics:

Electric dipole moment and molecular polarizability- Electric displacement D, electric polarization P –relation between D, E and P- Dielectric constant and susceptibility. Boundary conditions at the dielectric surface.

3. Electric and magnetic fields

Biot-Savart’s law, explanation and calculation of B due to long straight wire, a circular current loop and solenoid- Comparison of magnetic shell and circular coil – Hall effect – determination of Hall coefficient and applications.

4. Electromagnetic induction

Faraday’s law-Lenz’s law- Self and mutual inductance, coefficient of coupling, calculation of self inductance of a long solenoid, energy stored in magnetic field. Transformer - energy losses - efficiency.

UNIT-II

5. Alternating currents and electromagnetic

Alternating current - Relation between current and voltage in LR and CR circuits using vector diagrams, LCR series and parallel resonant circuit, Q –factor, power in ac circuits.

6. Maxwell’s equations:

Idea of displacement current - Maxwell’s equations (integral and differential forms)

(no derivation), Maxwell’s wave equation (with derivation) transverse nature of electromagnetic waves. Poyinting theorem statement and proof, production of electromagnetic waves (Hertz experiment).

7. Basic electronics:

PN junction diode, Zener diode, I-V characteristics, PNP and NPN transistors, CB, CE and CC configurations – Relation betweena, b and g - transistor (CE) characteristics , Transistor as an amplifier.

8. Digital electronics:

Number systems - Conversion of binary to decimal system and vice versa. Binary subtraction ( 2’s complement methods). Laws of Boolean algebra - De Morgan’s laws-statement and proof, Basic logic gates, NAND and NOR as universal gates, Ex-OR gate, Half adder and Full adder.

Textbooks

1. Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath – S. Chand & Co.

for semi conductor & Digital Principles)

2. Fundamentals of Physics- Halliday/Resnick/Walker - Wiley India Edition 2007.

3. Berkeley Physics Course – Vol. II - Electricity and Magnetism – Edward M

Purcell –The McGraw-Hill Companies.

4. Electricity and Magnetism – D.N. Vasudeva. S. Chand & Co.

5. Electronic devices and circuits – Millman and Halkias. Mc.Graw-Hill Education.

6. Electricity and Magnetism Brijlal and Subramanyam. Ratan Prakashan Mandir.

7. Digital Principles and Applications by A.P. Malvino and D.P. Leach. McGraw

Hill Education.

8. Unified Physics Vol.3 – S.L. Gupta and Sanjeev Gupta – Jai Prakasah Nath & Co-Meerut.

Practical Paper V:Electricity, Magnetism & Electronics

Work load: 30 hrs 2 hrs/week

List of Experiments:

1. LCR circuit series/parallel resonance, Q factor.

2. Determination of ac-frequency –sonometer.

3. Verification of Kirchoff’s laws

4. PN Junction Diode Characteristics

5. Zener Diode Characteristics

6. Impedance and Power factor of LR Circuit.

SIR C R REDDY COLLEGE: ELURU

Department of Physics

Electricity, Magnetism and Electronics

III B Sc – V-Semester Blue-Print of Question Paper-V

Name of the Chapter

Essay Question

(10M)

Short Question/Problem

(5M)

Very Short Question

(2M)

Electric field intensity and potential

Dielectrics

Electric and magnetic fields

Electromagnetic induction

Alternating currents and electromagnetic waves

Maxwell’s equations

Basic electronics

Digital electronics

Note: In Part-I, section-A of question paper,4 main questions should be taken from unit-I, in Section-B 4 main questions should be taken from unit II of the syllabus.

Note: The paper setters are hereby advised to follow the blue-print given above

Resolved to prepare model question papers in 3-tyre system as follows for the III, Vand Semesters.

Part-I 4 X 10 = 40 Marks

Answer any Four questions choosing at least one from each Section.

Section-A

Question number from 1 to 4

Section-B

Question number from 5 to 8

Part-II 5 X 5 = 25 Marks

Answer any Five questions

Question number from 9 to 16

Part-III 5 X 2 = 10 Marks

Question number from 17 to 24

Guidelines to the question paper setters:

Advice to follow the blue-print given and the question bank supplied.

i. All the questions for Section -A should be taken from Unit-I of the Syllabus

ii. All the questions for Section -B should be taken from Unit-II of the Syllabus

iii. Regarding Part-II, 4 questions should be taken from Unit-I and the remaining 4 questions should be taken from Unit-II of the syllabus

iv. Regarding Part-III, 4 questions should be taken from Unit-I and the remaining 4 questions should be taken from Unit-II of the syllabus

v. In Part-II problems may be given.

vi. Questions may be asked to cover entire syllabus

Practical Exam will be conducted at the end of V semester

The duration of each practical examination is 3 hrs with 50 marks, which are to be Distributed as:

Formula & Explanation 06

Tabular form +graph +circuit diagram 06

Observation 12

Calculation, graph, precautions & Result 06

Viva-Voice 10

Record^** 10

TOTAL 50

**Award of marks for number of practical’s recorded in the Record

06 Practicals- 10M 05 Practicals- 08M 04 Practicals- 06 03 Practicals- 04M > 03- 00M

Sir C R Reddy College, Eluru

V Semester B.Sc. (Physics)

Syllabus for Paper VI : Modern Physics

w.e.f 2015-16 admitted batch

UNIT -I

1. Atomic and molecular physics

Introduction –Drawbacks of Bohr’s atomic model. Vector atom model and Stern-Gerlach experiment - quantum numbers associated with it. L-S and j- j coupling schemes. Zeeman effect- Experimental arrangement- Derivation for Zeeman Shift -Raman effect, hypothesis, Stokes and Anti Stokes lines. Quantum theory of Raman effect. Experimental arrangement – Applications of Raman effect.

2. Matter waves & Uncertainty Principle

Matter waves, de Broglie’s hypothesis - wavelength of matter waves, Properties of matter waves – Group velocity and Phase velocity Davisson and Germer experiment – Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle for position and momentum (x and p) & Energy and time (E and t)- Gaama ray microscope

3. Quantum (wave) mechanics

Basic postulates of quantum mechanics-Schrodinger time independent and time dependent wave equations-derivations. Physical interpretation of wave function. Eigen functions, Eigen values. Application of Schrodinger wave equation to particle in one dimensional infinite box

UNIT -II

4. General Properties of Nuclei

Basic ideas of nucleus -size, mass, charge density (matter energy), binding energy, magnetic moment, electric moments. Liquid drop model and Shell model (qualitativeaspects only) - Magic numbers.

5. Radioactive Decay

Alpha decay: basics of α-decay processes. Theory of a-decay, Gamow’s theory, Geiger Nuttal law. ß-decay, Energy kinematics for ß-decay, positron emission, electron capture, neutrino hypothesis.

6. Crystal Structure

Amorphous and crystalline materials, unit cell, Miller indices, reciprocal lattice, types of lattices, diffraction of X-rays by crystals, Bragg’s law, experimental techniques, Laue’s method. Powder method.

7. Superconductivity

Introduction - experimental facts, critical temperature - critical field - Meissner effect

– Isotope effect - Type I and type II superconductors - applications of superconductors.

Textbooks

1. Modern Physics by G. Aruldhas & P. Rajagopal. Eastern Economy Edition.

2. Concepts of Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser. Tata McGraw-Hill Edition.

3. Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath. S. Chand & Co.

4. Nuclear Physics by D.C. Tayal, Himalaya Publishing House.

5. Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy by G. Aruldhas. Prentice Hall of India

6. Spectroscopy –Atomic and Molecular by Gurdeep R Chatwal and Shyam Anand –

Himalaya Publishing House.

7. Third Year Physics - Telugu Academy.

8.Elements of Solid State Physics by J.P. Srivastava, (for chapter on nanomaterials) Prentice-hall of India Pvt.Ltd

Practical Paper VI: Modern Physics

Work load: 30 hrs 2 hrs/week

List of Experiments:

1. Determination of Planck’s constant (photocell).

2. Energy gap of a semiconductor using junction diode.

3. Logic Gates- OR, AND, NOT and NAND gates. Verification of Truth Tables.

4. Verification of De Morgan’s Theorems.

5. Verification of truth tables of Half and Full adders.

6. Determination of Hall Coefficient

SIR C R REDDY COLLEGE: ELURU

Department of Physics

III B Sc – V-Semester Blue-Print of Question Paper- VI

Name of the Chapter

Essay Question

(10M)

Short Question/Problem

(5M)

Very Short Question

(2M)

Atomic and molecular physics

Matter waves & Uncertainty Principle

Quantum (wave) mechanics

General Properties of Nuclei

Radioactivity decay

Crystal Structure

Superconductivity

Note: In Part-I, section- A of question paper,4 main questions should be taken from unit I, in section- B 4 main questions should be taken from unit II of the syllabus.

Resolved to prepare model question papers in 3-tyre system as follows for the III, Vand Semesters.

Part-I 4 X 10 = 40 Marks

Answer any Four questions choosing at least one from each Section.

Section-A

Question number from 1 to 4

Section-B

Question number from 5 to 8

Part-II 5 X 5 = 25 Marks

Answer any Five questions

Question number from 9 to 16

Part-III 5 X 2 = 10 Marks

Question number from 17 to 24

Guidelines to the question paper setters:

Advice to follow the blue-print given and the question bank supplied.

i. All the questions for Section -A should be taken from Unit-I of the Syllabus

ii. All the questions for Section -B should be taken from Unit-II of the Syllabus

iii. Regarding Part-II, 4 questions should be taken from Unit-I and the remaining 4 questions should be taken from Unit-II of the syllabus

iv. Regarding Part-III, 4 questions should be taken from Unit-I and the remaining 4 questions should be taken from Unit-II of the syllabus

v. In Part-II problems may be given.

vi. Questions may be asked to cover entire syllabus

Practical Exam will be conducted at the end of V semester

The duration of each practical examination is 3 hrs with 50 marks, which are to be Distributed as:

Formula & Explanation 06

Tabular form +graph +circuit diagram 06

Observation 12

Calculation, graph, precautions & Result 06

Viva-Voice 10

Record^** 10

TOTAL 50

**Award of marks for number of practical’s recorded in the Record

06 Practicals- 10M 05 Practicals- 08M 04 Practicals- 06 03 Practicals- 04M > 03- 00M

TOPICS INCLUDED UNDER AUTONOMOUS SET UP

Programme : I B.Sc., SEMESTER : I COURSE CODE: PHY001

TITLE OF THE PAPER: MECHANICS, WAVES and OSCILLATIONS

Topics included

justification

Vibrations of bars

Longitudinal vibrations in bars-

wave equation and its general solution. Special cases (i) bar fixed at both ends (ii) bar fixed at the midpoint Tuning fork.

Topics Excluded

bar fixed at one end.

For better understanding of the subject

And to impart in depth knowledge on the specific topics

Programme : II B.Sc., SEMESTER : III COURSE CODE: PHY003

TITLE OF THE PAPER: WAVE OPTICS

Topics included

justification

Differences between single slit and double slit diffractions.

Fraunhoffer diffraction pattern with N slits (diffraction grating)

Dispersion through a prism.

Einstein coefficients and relation between different Einstein coefficients

For better understanding of the subject

And to impart in depth knowledge on the specific topics

CLASS : III B.Sc., SEMESTER : V COURSE CODE: PHY005

TITLE OF THE PAPER : ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM, ELECTRONICS

ADDITIONAL TOPICS

JUSTIFICATION

Deduction of Coulomb’s law from Gauss law

Lightening conductor

Comparison of magnetic shell and circular coil

Poyinting theorem proof

For better understanding of the subject

And to impart in depth knowledge on the specific topics

CLASS : III B.Sc., SEMESTER : V COURSE CODE: PHY006

TITLE OF THE PAPER : MODERN PHYSICS

ADDITIONAL TOPICS

JUSTIFICATION

Zeeman effect- Experimental arrangement-

Derivation for Zeeman Shift

Gaama ray microscope

For better understanding of the subject

And to impart in depth knowledge on the specific topics